Epidemiología del cáncer de estómago en un centro de referencia del Ecuador / Epidemiology of gastric cancer in a referral center in Ecuador

El cáncer gástrico es el tumor maligno más frecuente del Ecuador. A pesar de los avances en los métodos de diagnóstico y de las terapias oncológicas, la mayoría de los casos se diagnostican en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad con pobre pronóstico y alta mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características epidemiológicas en pacientes atendidos con cáncer gástrico en un centro de referencia del Ecuador. Pacientes y métodos Fue un estudio retrospectivo transversal, fueron elegibles para participar del estudio pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Oncología del Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo (HEEE) entre marzo del 2012 y marzo del 2017. Los datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y relacionados con el CG, se recopilaron de las historias clínicas. Resultados Durante el período de estudio se evaluaron 159 pacientes, la mediana de edad fue 61 años y el 52,80 % fueron del sexo masculino. El síntoma más frecuente al diagnóstico fue el dolor abdominal en 59% de los casos. El estadio de la enfermedad en 72% de los pacientes fue loco regionalmente avanzado y diseminado. Aquellos pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía; presentaron mayor sobrevida. Conclusión El 50% de los casos fueron diagnosticados en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad y se asociaron a pobre pronóstico y alta mortalidad. Las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de este primer estudio realizado en el HEEE permitirán establecer medidas que permitan mejorar el screening y diagnóstico precoz de los pacientes.

Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Ecuador. Despite advances in diagnostic methods and cancer therapies, most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease with poor prognosis and high mortality. The objective of this study was to determine epidemiological characteristics in patients treated with gastric cancer at a reference center in Ecuador. Patients and methods It was a cross-sectional retrospective study, patients were eligible in the Oncology Service of the Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo (HEEE) between March 2012 and March 2017. data were collected from medical records. Results during the study period 159 patients were evaluated, the median age was 61 years and 52.80% were male. The most common symptom of diagnosis was abdominal pain in 59% of cases. The stage of the disease in 72% of patients was regionally advanced and widespread. Those patients who underwent surgery; presented more survival. Conclusions 50% of cases were diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease and were associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this first study carried out in the HEEE, will allow to establish measures to improve the screening and early diagnosis of patients.

Wine grape pomace flour improves blood pressure, fasting glucose and protein damage in humans: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet is a healthy diet with positive scientific evidence of preventing chronic diseases. Bioactive components support the healthy properties of the Mediterranean diet. Antioxidants and fiber, two components of the Mediterranean diet, are key functional nutrients for healthy eating and nutrition. Wine grape pomace is a rich source of these dietary constituents and may be beneficial for human health. Our hypothesis was that the intake of red wine grape pomace flour (WGPF) prepared from red wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon variety) reduced the metabolic syndrome in humans. To evaluate the effect of WGPF on components of metabolic syndrome we design a 16-week longitudinal intervention study. Thirty-eight males, 30-65 years of age, with at least one component of metabolic syndrome, were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 25) or the control group (n = 13). At lunch, the intervention group was given 20 g of WGPF per day, which contained 10 g of dietary fiber, 822 mg of polyphenols and an antioxidant capacity of 7258 ORAC units. Both groups were asked to maintain their regular eating habits and lifestyles. Clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood analyses were done at the beginning and the end of the study. RESULTS: WGPF intake significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as fasting glucose levels. Plasma γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol increased and carbonyl group in plasma protein decreased in WGPT group, significantly. No significant effect was observed for waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C in and between groups. The group-dependent magnitude of the differences between the baseline and final postprandial insulin values and γ-tocopherol concentrations was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of WGPF-rich in fiber and polyphenol antioxidants, as a food supplement in a regular diet improves blood pressure, glycaemia and postprandial insulin. In addition, increased antioxidant defenses and decreased oxidative protein damage indicating attenuation of oxidative stress. WGPF might be a useful food ingredient for health promotion and chronic disease prevention.